Healthcare Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Medicinal services Management - Research Paper Example For Mini, her activity was to distinguish the administrative procedures that must be actualized, planned, and finished preceding opening day. Till now, she had recognized a few procedures, as money related administration, HR, gracefully chain the executives, legislative consistence, and credentialing that would work behind giving Dr. Yen his fantasy solo practice. In any case, the principle challenge in this circumstance was to guarantee that the training is prepared to work in 60 days. With no beam of daylight originating from the sky, Mini planned to discover a lightning of inventiveness to recognize administrative procedures that must be actualized, structured, and finished before opening day. Smaller than expected set to work promptly and began with the foundation. FroYen Clinic is a facility that is created and made for those people who need administrations for a specialist in the territory of XYM. The administration that will be gotten under way in the coming 60 days has set it s attention on those people just as patients that need a reasonable, solid, and clean spot for the fix of their ailment or issues. The market distinguished subsequently starts from low end and proceeds till the top of the line showcase where more inclination is on those patients who have enough cash for human services. So as to set the tasks of FroYen Clinic moving, the principle objective is to start an assistance for those people who have salary for medicinal services. ... With the assistance of Dr. Yen’s best doctor rehearses, consequently delineating the administration, upkeep of the quality guidelines, building up an ameliorating domain for the patients, and the initiation of solid administrative practices, the certainty of the focused on market would be anything but difficult to pick up. Zwith the measure of income produced throughout the years, the center will likewise grow by buying the applicable machines. The financing will be done from the underlying capital and credits. For FroYen Clinic to be working in the wellbeing division condition would mean adding a colossal commitment to the previously existing framework. This progression will hence decrease the deluge of patients for different medical clinics at the XYM territory. The built up facility will henceforth, have adequate assets and expert lead of the doctor that will function as a bit of leeway for the FroYen Clinic just as the patients the majority of the occasions. The facility w ill be following an outcome based execution assessment structure with the goal that the wasteful aspects can be sufficiently routed to guarantee more noteworthy quality. A performance practice faces various difficulties yet creating procedures to guarantee accessibility of value wellbeing administration will progress in the direction of diminishing those difficulties. FroYen Clinic will thusly fill in as a way to relieving ailment using productive clinical medicines and will initiate its tasks in the coming 60 days. The facility will begin on July tenth 2012 and will be set up at the XYM Place Nth Ave with one doctor that is Dr. Yen, a doctor collaborator, a medical caretaker professional, and an assistant. The one Line Pitch distinguished for FroYen Clinic is in this manner: â€Å"Because We

Thing to Consider When Planting A Norway Maple

Interesting point When Planting A Norway Maple Norway maple (Acer platanoides) was presented by botanist John Bartram of Philadelphia from England to the U.S. in 1756. It has been planted on ranches and in towns for its shade, toughness, and flexibility to antagonistic conditions, which has guaranteed that the maple, when planted, would fan out quickly. Along these lines, and an assortment of other negative factors, the Norway maple has earned itself the title of a Bad Tree, which means its obliteration is frequently searched out by regional authorities and concerned exterior decorators expecting that the huge overhang of leaves this specific maple yields will hinder all other development underneath it. Nonetheless, there is various saving graces to this sort of trees, for example, its resistance to different kinds of soil supplements and atmosphere conditions, its ideal fall foliage, and delightful yellow blossoms in the spring. Why Norway Maples Are Bad Trees The shallow, stringy root framework and thick shade of Norway maple cause it for all intents and purposes inconceivable for grass to develop under the tree, and the forceful roots much of the time support even the parent tree, at last stifling itself to death, making it an awful tree if youre anticipating developing whatever else around it. Further, Norway maples are likewise non-local obtrusive colorful trees that have gotten away from the urban condition and is a danger to local maples in view of its sun-blocking foliage. Norway maple populaces overpower locales by dislodging local trees, bushes, and herbaceous understory plants, and once settled, making a covering of thick shade that forestalls recovery of local seedlings; it is likewise thought to discharge root poisons that repress or forestall the development of different plants. Norway maples additionally imitate rapidly, framing thick root frameworks in a matter of seasons that are almost difficult to completely expel without slaughtering the encompassing soil. Notwithstanding, this isnt to state there are no saving graces for this kind of tree. Recovering Features Norway maples are seemingly among the most delightful assortment of maple tree right now in North America with rich yellow leaves in the fall under ideal conditions and exquisite yellow blossoms on leafless branches in the spring. These trees are likewise exceptionally impervious to atmosphere conditions and absence of nourishment in the dirt and can develop anyplace accordingly, which makes them incredible for planting ashore that generally can't bolster a lot of greenery. Likewise, because of their inclination of spreading quickly, reaping new trees for dispersion is shockingly simple simply replant one of its numerous roots and another tree will start developing in a matter of seconds. Additionally, Norway maples develop rather rapidly and give loads of shade, so they can be utilized to create a fast, characteristic security fence for your property.

Understanding Body Language and Facial Expressions

Understanding Body Language and Facial Expressions Communication is very important. Without the ability to communicate, it would have been impossible for humans to cooperate and collaborate with each other, and much of the development we take for granted today would have been nothing but a dream.When we talk about face to face communication, most people tend to think about verbal communication â€" conveying information and expressing our feelings using our voice. While verbal communication is important, it makes up only a minor part of communication.A large part of communication happens non-verbally. Verbal communication is usually accompanied and enhanced by body language and facial expressions. According to experts, our facial expressions and body movements account for about 55% what we communicate.This means that, when you are in a conversation with others and do not know how to read their facial expressions and body language, you are missing out on more than half of the conversation.In this article, we take an in-depth look at wh at body language is, how to read and interpret it and how to project positive body language when you are in conversation with other people.WHAT IS BODY LANGUAGE? When we are in conversation with other people, what we are saying verbally is usually accompanied by some bodily movements â€" arms movements, hand gestures, facial expressions, head movements, changes in body posture, changes in the position of our feet, and so on.These bodily movements do not happen randomly. The movements are in perfect symphony with what we are feeling at the moment. These movements are a language onto themselves, helping us convey feelings and information that we cannot effectively convey using our words.Think about an imaginary situation where you are meeting a friend you had not seen in a while. The moment the friend sees you walking towards them, their face breaks into a smile, and you probably smile back.Before the two of you even get the chance to say hi to each other, both of you have communicate d that you are happy to see each other.The movements that constitute body language often occur subconsciously â€" we make them without even thinking about it.Similarly, our minds subconsciously read the body language and facial expressions of others, without our having to think about it, without even being aware that we are seeing them.The body movements and facial expressions are controlled by a part of the brain known as the limbic brain.While projecting our own body language and reading what others are saying with their body movements mostly occurs subconsciously, it is something that we can learn to do at a conscious level.Being consciously attuned to both our own and others body language makes us more effective communicators and gives us an advantage in conversations.When you are able to correctly interpret other people’s body language, you can get the complete message of what they are trying to say, you have a better idea of what the person is really thinking and you have a more accurate awareness of their reaction to what you are saying.Having a good understanding of body language also gives you the ability to adjust your own body language so as to enhance the message you are trying to communicate to others.Below are some of the major elements of body language and how they are used in non-verbal communication.THE EYESIt is with good reason that the eyes are referred to as the windows to the soul. Eye behavior can be very revealing during a conversation. Watch a person’s eyes when you are talking to them. Do they make eye contact, or do they avert their gaze? How are their pupils? Is the person blinking a lot?If a person maintains eye contact during a conversation, this is an indicator that they are captivated and paying attention to what you are saying. Sometimes, eye contact can also be used to intimidate, especially when coupled with other threatening body language signals.If a person is constantly looking away, this indicates that they are either uncomfortable or distracted, or they probably don’t want you to know their real feelings. Looking down during a conversation may be an indication of nervousness or submissiveness.A person’s blinking rate is also an indicator of what’s going on in their mind. A lot of blinking might be and indicator that the person is stressed or uncomfortable. Increased blinking, when coupled with touching of the face (especially the eyes and mouth), can be an indication that a person is lying.Pupil size is also quite telling. Dilated pupils often mean that a person likes or is interested in something. It can also be an indication of arousal, which is the reason behind the term bedroom eyes.You should also watch a person’s glances, which can suggest a person’s desire for something. For instance, if someone glances at the door or the clock, this could indicate that they want to leave, or that their time is up.THE FACEThere is just so much information and so many expressions that can be con veyed through facial expressions. Think about situations where a person is happy, sad, angry, surprised, shocked, excited, in fear, and so on. By simply looking at the person’s face, you can immediately tell what they are feeling, without them having to tell you anything.What’s more, the facial expressions for most of these feelings are universal, which means that you can tell when a person is happy or angry even when you don’t speak the same language, even when you are from different cultures.One of the most common facial indicators of emotions is the smile. A smile indicates that a person is happy or pleased about something. It’s also good to note that some smiles are not genuine. A genuine smile should engage the whole face.If a person’s smile is limited to the mouth, that could indicate that the person is just trying to appear happy, while they are feeling something else on the inside. A half smile, on the other hand, may show uncertainty or sarcasm. Similarly, a frown or grimace means that a person is displeased with something.Apart from the typical facial expressions that express the common emotions, there are other mouth movements that can tell you what exactly a person is feeling. For instance, tight, pursed lips may indicate that a person is displeased about something.Biting of the lips may mean that a person is feeling nervous, stressed or worried. If you notice a person touching their lips or covering their mouth, this is an indicator that they are either lying or trying to prevent you from reading their true emotions.HEAD MOVEMENTSThe movements of the head are also important non-verbal cues. For instance, in most places around the world, a nod is taken as a yes or as a sign of approval, while shaking your head sideways means no or disapproval. You should watch a person’s head movements carefully.For instance, a person might be verbally expressing their approval about something, but then they unconsciously and subtly shake their head sid eways. While it might be difficult to catch the movement, this is an indication that the person does not agree with what they are saying verbally. The speed of head movements also gives important cues.For instance, if someone nods slowly in response to what you are saying, this shows that the person is captivated by your words and wants you to continue talking. If the person nods quickly, this might mean that they are impatient for you to finish what you are saying so that they can share their opinion or leave.A sideways tilt of the head is another sign that a person is interested in what you are saying. If they tilt their head backwards, this could be a sign that they don’t really believe what you are saying.PROXIMITYThe distance people maintain between themselves and other people is another indicator as to what they feel about the other person. What happens when someone stands too close to you? I bet you feel uncomfortable, right?People like to keep some distance between them an d strangers or people they are not comfortable with, only allowing people they feel comfortable with to get closer to them. The concept of proxemics, introduced by anthropologist Edward T. Hall, suggests that there are four zones of personal space.The first zone is the intimate distance zone, which ranges from direct contact to about 2 feet. This zone is reserved for people who are loved and trusted, such as romantic partners and siblings. If someone untrusted gets inside this zone, we get into the fight or flight mode, we feel uncomfortable.The second zone is the personal distance zone, which ranges between 2 and 5 feet. This zone is reserved for family members and friends. The third zone is the social distance zone, which ranges from 5 to 10 feet. This zone is maintained between people who are acquaintances. They know each other, but the level of comfort and trust between them is still low.Finally, we have the public distance zone, which is larger than 10 feet. This kind of distan ce is typically maintained during public speaking. This distance is also great for observing other people without actually interacting with them.Watching how people use personal distance can give you a lot of clues about their feelings. For instance, if someone comes close to you during a conversation, it shows that they are comfortable with you.However, it’s always good to watch for other signals, since getting into a person’s personal space can also be a sign of aggression and intimidation. If you move close to someone and they move back, it shows that they are not comfortable, so you should give them their space.GESTURESThe signals we make with our hands are a very obvious and very direct means of non-verbal communication. If I point at something without saying a word, you will immediately understand that I want you to look in that direction.If you ask me how many people are coming to a meeting and I lift up four fingers, you will automatically understand that four people wil l be coming to the meeting. If I give you a thumbs up, you will understand that I approve of what you are doing, while a thumbs up means that I don’t approve.While most gestures are easy to understand, it is good to take note that some gestures might have different meanings in different countries or cultures, so it is good to get acquainted with a person’s culture before attempting to use some gestures on them.For instance, giving a thumbs up is a sign of approval in the United States, but it might be very offensive in some Middle Eastern countries.ARM MOVEMENTS AND POSITIONSApart from gestures, how you move and position your hands also communicates things you might not have intended to.For instance, if you place one elbow on a table and support your head on your hand in a meeting, this indicates that you are attentive and focused on what is being said.If you do the same thing with both hands, it can be taken as a sign of boredom. Holding your hands behind your back during a con versation can be taken as a sign of boredom or anger. Crossing your arms in front of you, on the other hand, indicates that you are being defensive or that you are guarded.Standing with your arms on your hips can be taken as a sign of assertiveness and being in control. In some cases, it can also be seen as a sign of aggressiveness.THE FEETJust like the arms, a person’s feet also give important clues as to what is going on inside the person’s head. Knowing how to read the cues being provided by a person’s feet is important because it usually happens unintentionally.A person might control their hand movements, posture and facial expressions in an attempt to deceive you, but most of them will forget that their feet are also sending out clues. People’s feet normally point to the direction they want to go, whether they are standing or seated.If you notice a person’s feet are pointed towards you, this is a sign that they perceive you favorably and are immersed into what you are saying.If their feet are pointed away, towards the door for instance, this shows that they can’t wait to get out of there. They might be smiling to what you are saying and feigning interest, but deep inside, they can’t wait for you to finish what you are saying.In addition to the direction of the feet, the position of a person’s legs can also give you clues about their inner thoughts. If a person keeps their legs open (when seated), it means that they are comfortable with the interaction. If their legs are crossed, then this means that the person is trying to protect their privacy.BODY POSTUREGrowing up, my mother regularly scolded me for slouching, and it wasn’t until later in life that I learnt why she wanted me to ditch the habit. How we hold our bodies has an impact on how others perceive us. It also acts as an expression of what we are feeling at the moment.Whether you are feeling open and confident or fearful and submissive, your body posture shows it. Sitting or stan ding upright, with your back straight and your head held high shows that you are a confident, active and alert person.If you project this posture when listening to someone, it shows that you are paying attention to what they are saying.Standing or sitting with your back hunched forward and your head held low, on the other hand, shows that you are not confident in yourself, or that you are lazy or sad. It can also convey disinterest in whatever is going on.MIRRORINGMirroring can also provide you with a lot of clues when you are in a conversation. Mirroring is a social phenomenon where a person mimics the body language of the person they are in conversation with.For instance, you might have noticed that when two people are deeply engrossed in a conversation, one of them leaning inwards might result in the other one doing the same thing. Mirroring occurs subconsciously when two people are in tune and in synch with each other.Therefore, when you notice that someone is mirroring your act ions, it means that they are in synch with you, that they are deeply captivated by the conversation. While mirroring occurs unconsciously, you can use it on a conscious level to create rapport with someone you are conversing with.Try to subtly match their body language. For instance, if their arms are crossed, subtly cross yours as well. As you do this, their mind will unconsciously pick up your actions and will deduce that you are in synch with them, therefore making them more comfortable with the conversation.HOW TO PROJECT POSITIVE BODY LANGUAGEIn the above section, we have looked at some of the major elements of body language that you should watch out for when communicating with others. In this section, we will take a look at how you can project positive body language and use it to enhance what you are communicating and how others perceive you in different situations.Body Language for a Confident First ImpressionBelow are some tips on how to use body language to create a great f irst impression:Maintain eye contact: When in a conversation, look into a person’s eyes and hold their gaze for a few seconds at a time. This shows that you are confident and that you are engaged in what they are saying. However, don’t hold the gaze for too long, since it might come off as creepy or intimidating.Use a firm handshake: A firm handshake is another signal that shows you are confident in yourself. Make your handshake seem natural. Don’t make it appear like you are trying too hard.Maintain an open posture: Whether you are seated or standing, maintain a relaxed but upright posture and avoid slouching. This will make you come across as someone who is confident in his skin.Don’t touch your face: Touching your face during conversation is often associated with lying, so it can make you come across as dishonest and untrustworthy, even if you are not.During Public SpeakingPositive body language helps you project confidence when you are speaking in public, which in turn m akes people more likely to trust you. Below are some tips on how to project positive body language during public speaking:Keep your head up: When speaking in public, you should keep your head up and level. Avoid looking downwards, since it will make you come across as timid. Leaning too far backward, on the other hand, can make you look arrogant.Maintain good posture: Make sure that your posture is upright, with your back straight and your shoulders held back. However, don’t be too rigid. Your posture should be relaxed. Avoid the temptation to pocket your hands.Use open hand gestures: Gestures can make you look confident and engaged in your speech. Your hands should be held slightly apart, rather than directly in front of you. Your palms should face towards the audience. This makes you come across as open and shows your willingness to share ideas with the audience.Interviews and Negotiations Body language is also important in interviews and negotiations. It can help you appear con fident, calm and composed. Below are some tips on how to use body language in such situations:Maintain good posture: Sit with your back straight, your shoulders back and your head held high. This will make you appear confident, which is critical in an interview or negotiation.Relax your body: Interviews and negotiations can be anxiety-inducing situations, but try to keep your body relaxed. Keep your hands still in front of you. Avoid the temptation to fidget, since this indicates that you are nervous.Use mirroring: In such situations, mirroring the body language of the other person will unconsciously make them feel that the two of you are in synch, which will increase your chances of getting a favorable outcome.WRAPPING UPDuring conversations, our bodies say a lot more than what we say with our words, so it is critical to learn how to read and interpret body language and facial expressions.Understanding body language will make your better at understanding the message others are tryi ng to convey and will also enhance your ability to communicate effectively.You might have noticed that many of the body language signals may indicate more than one feeling or expression, so the best way to accurately interpret body language is to look at multiple signals that their body might be giving, as well as the context of what they are saying verbally.

The Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone - 1805 Words

Greek and Shakespearean tragedies have influenced the modern world of literature. One of the authors at the forefront of Greek tragedies was Sophocles. One of Sophocles most famous pieces of work is, Antigone. Written in 440 B.C in Athens, Greece, Sophocles uses this play to dramatize a series of events that unfolds when pride becomes more important than loyalty to family. Controversy still remains today of whom the tragic hero of Antigone is, but some scholars believe that Antigone herself is the tragic hero. Antigone goes past conventional expectations to stand up for her brother, Polyneikes. The decision to defy the orders of her Uncle, Kreon, proves her loyalty true, but ultimately leads her to death. Centuries later in England, during the rule of Queen Elizabeth I, Shakespeare surfaced and starting writing Shakespearean tragedies. Hamlet, one of his most well known works, shows the control the desire of revenge can have. Hamlet, the tragic hero, plans to avenge his fatherâ€⠄¢s death at all cost. The female characters of both of these tragedies play a pivotal role within the stories. The women of Antigone and Hamlet operate within a male centric society but the women profoundly affect the plot through their actions and their deaths. As the story of Hamlet unfolds we are introduced to two main female characters: Gertrude, Hamlet’s mother, and Ophelia, the Lord Chamberlain’s daughter. Gertrude has just remarried Hamlet’s uncle, Claudius, immediately following the tragicShow MoreRelatedThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone1835 Words   |  8 Pagesbecome a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.† Aristotle believed that a tragic hero was one who was noble by nature yet endowed with a tragic flaw or hamartia. This hero is oftentimes more dignified than us average people, but his/her* personality and character traits make their stories relatable. Over the course of his life, different virtues are revealed, but they e ventually exhibit an imperfection which leads to his inevitable downfall. In Sophocles s tragic play of Antigone, Oedipus’sRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Antigone By Sophocles1075 Words   |  5 PagesGreek philosopher Aristotle, â€Å"A man cannot become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.† Thus, according to Aristotle, the tragic hero must be able to discern how his actions caused his demise. The tragic hero has a tragic flaw, known as hamartia, recognizes that this flaw contributes to his misfortune because of an error in judgment, but is nonetheless deserving of sympathy. Creon, the hero of the drama Antigone by Sophocles, fulfills this definition. He exhibits hubris, hisRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone876 Words   |  4 Pagesunlike figures found in mythology with such tales as Sophocles’ Antigone.They do what they believe is beneficial or right despite the adversity they will meet. Sometimes their fight results in their death. This is true not only of Antigone, but also of Abraham Lincoln. While Abraham Lincoln may not be considered a tragic hero he is similar to Antigone because both were fulfilling a divine order. Antigone is the title character of Sophocles’ Antigone. She is the daughter of Oedipus, who coupled withRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone1056 Words   |  5 Pagesthe title of tragic hero in the play Antigone Author by Sophocles. I would like to start off by saying that it will be very challenging for me to have the passion that I usually have. But I will still stand in front of you. As I said before I am here to argue the title of tragic hero in the play Antigone. I could see that some of you are confused by the word tragic hero. No need to concern for I will tell you. The great Aristotle was one of the earliest men who defined a tragic hero. His descriptionRead MoreSophocles Antigone - The Tragic Hero1306 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tragic Hero in Antigone Being a human incorporates drama. It is part of living in society, and often inevitable. In theatre, successful drama plays use timeless issues that can still be found present in most civilization. Amongst the seven Sophocles’ plays that managed to survive 25 centuries in complete form, lies one of the most famous tragedies in human-history, Antigone. The main controversial conflict in this historically-influential play is the importance of divine law versus man-madeRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone1521 Words   |  7 PagesAn Aristotelian tragic hero is a literary character who makes a judgment that ultimately leads to his or her own destruction. An example of a true Aristotelian tragic hero is Creon from Sophocles’ play, Antigone. Creon is the tragic hero because he goes through the five stages of a tragic hero which leads to his destruction. His tragic flaw is him being afraid to admit that he has made a mistake. He is too proud of his power and his a bility to make laws which leads to his son and wife committingRead MoreThe Real Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone3370 Words   |  14 PagesCarlberg English 102 9 December 2014 The Real Tragic Hero in the Play Antigone A tragic hero according to Aristotle is someone who is of high nobility, and has a major internal character flaw. That flaw will eventually by the characters ultimate demise which is most likely death. If their demise doesn’t end in a death the tragic hero usually goes through a catharsis. The most common flaws of a tragic hero are hubris, pride, and stubbornness. Tragic heroes can be found throughout most tragedy themedRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesdraws on the emotions of the audience is to get them to relate to the tragic hero, and that is why it was so important for a tragedy to have a proper one. Antigone features the perfect example of a hero in a tragedy. In Antigone, King Creon is the tragic hero since he is adherent to a moral mean, he is life-like, he exhibits a tragic quality which results in a plot reversal, and ends in a moment of lament. Creon is the ideal tragic hero, since he’s morally upstanding but not blameless at the same timeRead MoreEssay on Creon as the Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone997 Words   |  4 PagesCreon as the Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Who is the true tragic hero in Sophocles Antigone?   This question has been the subject of a great debate for numerous years.   Equal arguments exist that portray Antigone as the tragic heroine in the play and Creon as the tragic hero.   Aristotle, in his study of Greek drama entitled Poetics, provided the framework that determines the tragic hero of a work.   Though Antigone definitely possesses the characteristics and qualities thatRead More Creon is the Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Essay627 Words   |  3 Pages Creon is the Tragic Hero of Antigone nbsp; When the title of a play is a characters name, it is normally assumed that the character is the protagonist of the play. In Sophocles Antigone, most people probably believe Antigone to be the tragic heroine, even after they have finished watching the play. It may be argued, however, that Creon, not Antigone, is the tragic character. When we examine the nature and concept of the Greek Tragedy and what it means to be a tragic character, it becomes

A Discussion of the Orthodox and Radical Critiques of

Though performance appraisal has become an integral part of modern organizations and a crucial aspect in performance management in assessing their effectiveness and efficiency. Its critiques have continued as appraisals have increase in use and scope across sectors and occupation. The two dominant schools have been that of orthodox and radical critiques. This paper will discuss some of the orthodox and radical critiques of performance appraisal and evaluates the recent innovation of 360 degree feedback to see if it has been able to overcome the traditional limitations of appraisal systems. This paper will first define performance appraisal, then discuss the orthodox critiques of performance appraisal. This will be followed by the†¦show more content†¦Fifthly, managers tend to appraise wrong features such that too stress is put on easily identifiable things like timekeeping, looking busy, being pleasant and so on that are not the core functions of the job. Sixthly, the probl em of context, whereby its difficulty to distinguish the work of appraises from the context in which they work, especially when there is a degree of comparison with other appraises. Lastly, the variety of other distortions associated with the performance appraisal interviews which includes the problems of halo and horn effect (this where a manager rates employees on the basis of their personal relationships rather than by objective measure of their competencies and abilities i.e. one attribute of an individual is used as the basis to rate the overall performance of a person, irrespective of the stated criterion), the problem of manager’s reluctance to be harsh or overly lenient, which result in an error of central tendency in which everybody is rated as average, the problem of recent bias whereby recent behavior act as the basis of appraisal. Since managers rarely keep detailed notes about their appraises, and are not very precise about rating all the behaviors they are requ ired to judge, there is a tendency to base their appraisals on the recent past, regardless of how representative it is of the performance over the year (Dessler, 1999). These orthodoxShow MoreRelatedTranscendentalism, An American Philosophy1640 Words   |  7 Pagesreligious beliefs but as a way of understanding life relationships.† They drew the basis of their belief system from a periodical called, â€Å"The Dial,† which was written by a radical feminist who pushed male and female equality in nearly all of her publications. Transcendentalism remained entrenched in its study and discussion until Henry David Thoreau tried to physically put it into practice (26f†). Henry David Thoreau was a â€Å"strange, gentle, fanatic, selfish, [dreaming], [stubborn individualist]Read MoreEssay on Performance Appraisal3082 Words   |  13 Pages‘The problems associated with performance appraisal systems can be overcome by improvements to their design and implementation’. Discuss with reference to the orthodox and radical critiques of performance appraisal. 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Mother Tongue Free Essays

Jeffrey Michel Prof. Natalia Sucre ENG 1101 Tues, September 10, 2012 Essays #1: Rough Draft Language Power in â€Å"Mother Tongue† A higher level of sophistication and articulation in one’s speech portrays one as a very well educated person. Such a person’s â€Å"language† makes them an admirable individual that can lead people and hold power with ease. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother Tongue or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the article â€Å"Mother Tongue†, Amy Tan emphasizes the idea that we all speak different languages unconsciously and that we are categorized by the way we speak. Language is power; people develop that power through their own sense of cultural and historical language and usage because language comes from culture. In â€Å"Mother Tongue,† Amy Tan discusses the different experiences she had that made her realized the different types of â€Å"English’s† she uses. The first time she realized this was when she was giving a talk about her book, The Joy Luck Club. When realizing that she had been using proper English to speak to her audience, after seeing her mother in the crowd. A language she had never used with her mother but her mother understood it. Tan felt embarrassed because the only way her mother would communicate with her was through â€Å"broken† English and contradicts how much she actually understands. This reminds us that even though her mother’s English seemed â€Å"broken† Amy Tan still understand her mother tongue. In situations of being her mother translator made her realize the different types of â€Å"English’s† she uses. When Tan was young she used to speak to her mother’s stockbroker on the phone and act as if she was her mother in order to get people’s attention. She had the idea that her mother’s English was limited and so her opportunities throughout her life would be limited too. In a different occasion when her mother went to the doctor to get the results of a CAT scan, the doctors ignored her when she complained about them losing her results. It was not until Tan talked to the doctor that they apologized and cared to solve the problem. She believes that people would not take a person seriously because of their speech. Tan comes to the idea that the language spoken in the family plays a large role in shaping the language of a child. This made her acknowledge that perhaps her family’s language had an effect on her own opportunities in life. In her experience, she notices that Asian students actually do better in math tests than in language tests, and she questions whether or not other Asian students are discouraged from writing or directed in the direction of math and science. Tan changed her major from pre-med to English and she decided to become a freelance writer even though her boss told her she could not write. She did not follow expectations that people had of her because of her struggle with writing and language. With her mother as an influence Tan decided to write her stories for people like her, people with â€Å"broken† or â€Å"limited† English and gave her fuel to write. Language is powerful, having the right correct words in your speech sends out a powerful statement. If you were trying to make a statement but it lacked structure that would affect the importance of what you are trying to convey. Tans starts to figure out what is correct language but who’s to say what correct language is. For language to be correct it has to adapt to their situations of use, by doing this it starts to gain meaning. We communicate with people every day, but sometimes we do not adjust our communication style to the audience or situation at hand which can lead to confusion. In the context of your communication makes a difference both in the way you engage with others and in the way they interpret your communication. In order to adapt your communication effectively, you need to know your â€Å"audience†. That way a word can fit in to the situation to figure out its proper use but prescriptivism follow the tradition of the classical grammars of Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin, â€Å"which aimed to preserve earlier forms of those languages so that readers in subsequent generations could understand sacred texts and historical documents,† this would help describe the important use of the word in a right way. Without correct language you would not know on where you stand or would not have power in the way you speak, just like Amy Tan mother nobody gave her respect because of her broken English that’s why she translate for her mom so she wouldn’t be taken advantage of. They must apply the principle that â€Å"deep thought† equals â€Å"good speech† to make language powerful. Correct language is the key to success. If people don’t have language, they don’t exist. Language come from culture which connects, it gives a responsible use of language as a source of power. Furthermore, to have a great grasp on correct language you need to be knowledgeable on the subject of what you are discussing. So is knowledge power? Yes, depends on the knowledge at hand, everyone grasp information differently so their knowledge from one individual to another is vastly different. Now the next question is, what do you consider as knowledge? Is it knowing how to solve a quantitative physics problem or knowing how to make a souffle without it flattening. If you have knowledge the next step is knowing how to use it. The idea here is that the acquisition of knowledge results in social power. The one â€Å"in the know† holds a certain power over those who do not. How to cite Mother Tongue, Essay examples Mother Tongue Free Essays Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Mother Tongue† written by Amy Tan â€Å"So easy to read†(p. 4). Amy Tan ends her essay, â€Å"Mother Tongue† with this short and even grammatically wrong sentence. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother Tongue or any similar topic only for you Order Now She tells us this mother’s brief review is a proof of success of her writing. Why does she think that easiness is an essence of her writing? She suggests answers to this question by her essay. In her essay, Amy Tan effectively convinces her readers that â€Å"broken English† is not an inferior language, but just a different style of English that has values in it by depicting her personal experiences and strong appeal to pathos. She makes her readers to have sympathetic emotions for her mother and hostile emotion for people who was rude to her by presenting vividly depicted personal anecdote. Also, she does not end her essay with her personal stories but broadens the topic to a social level. Amy Tan is a well known Chinese American writer who is famous for her major work, The Joy luck club. She usually writes about the mother and daughter relationship. The essay â€Å"Mother Tongue† was originally published in The Threepenny Review in 1990 and also included in The Best American Short Stories 1991, edited by Joyce Carol Oates. In this essay, Tan is likely to reach out to immigrant families that went through similar hardships on communication that she and her mother experienced. In the beginning if her essay, Tan realizes that she uses different kind of English according to the situation. Then, she suggests reasons of the change in her own speaking. She presents personal anecdotes relative to her mother. She shows the way her mother speaks English imperfectly and how her mother was treated rudely by various people because of her language. In tan’s childhood, she thought her mother’s imperfect English is shameful. She thought her mother’s ability to think is also limited, as she uses imperfect English. Her mother’s distinctive English influenced Tan’s English skills. She could get good grades on math and science, while she struggled with English achievement tests. In spite of the influence of her mother’s English and discouraging comments about her writing from others, she rebelled against them and became a successful writer. Now, she thinks all languages she uses including her mother’s tongue should be used in her writing. She decided to â€Å"[seek] to preserve the essence†, her mother’s â€Å"intent, her passion, her imagery, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts† in her essay. (p. 3-4) The most powerful rhetorical strategy of her essay is personal anecdote. Her personal anecdotes not only support her argument but also appeal to pathos. Her essay can be seen as a just collection of anecdotes, but she definitely has an argument in her essay. By presenting personal anecdotes of Tan and her mother, she maintains that people who use â€Å"broken English† are often treated disrespectfully even though their thought are not limited. Also, she lets her readers to compare her stories to their own and make them to think thoroughly about their own languages. Her mother’s utterances are not just from the Tan’s memory, but videotaped and then transcribed by Tan. Also, Tan does not simply explain the way her mother talks, but presents her utterance line by line showing distinctive features like lack of grammaticality of her language. This procedure makes her anecdotes more authentic and vivid that makes readers feel like they are actually listening to the utterances. She also repeatedly compares her mother’s utterance with her revised standard English version. In the story that happened to her and her mother in the bank, first she presents her mother’s utterance â€Å"Why he don’t send me check, already two weeks late. †, and then she presents her utterance â€Å"You had agreed to send me the check two weeks ago, but it hasn’t arrived. †(P. 2) that is said in perfect English. This comparison shows the clear differences between English and its variation, and makes readers to easily figure out what her mother’s language actually is. Although her mother’s tongue is imperfect, Tan says that her mother’s thought is not inferior at all. She rather tells that â€Å"my mother’s English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It’s my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, full of observation and imagery. That was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed things, made sense of the world† (P. 1). This part clearly shows Tan’s affection to her mother and mother’s language. Tan’s admiration to her mother helps readers to understand Tan’s mother and to be more attached to her. After she shows the way that her mother talks, she tells us two stories about her mother that she received unfair treatment in bank and hospital because of her language. Especially, anecdote regarding the CAT scan effectively appeals to pathos by arousing reader’s sympathy for her mother. Her mother went to hospital to hear a result of her brain CAT scan, but the hospital lost her CAT scan. However, they did not apologize to her mother, and they wanted her have another appointment to get a diagnosis. Surprisingly, after Tan’s phone conversation with the doctor, they could get a sincere apologize and promise of the original CAT scan. This personal experience clearly shows that there is discrimination toward the people who cannot speak English fluently. Tan evoke hostility in the reader toward people shows disrespectful behaviors to people who use variation of English. She does not end her essay by listing her personal experiences. She raises her topic to a social level to make people discuss the following issue. She says that she has been asked, â€Å"why there are not more Asian Americans represented in American literature† (P. 3). While she tries to answer this question, she broadens the subject of the essay from her and her mother to Asian American society. She maintains that Asian American students could be steered away from writing by the teachers who assume that they are good at math and science, not English writing. Once more, she comes back to her personal experience the she overcame the social stereotype of Asian American, and succeeded to be a writer. Also, she suggests her firm decision she made before that she is going to use â€Å"all the Englishes that she grew up with†, including her mother’s English regarded as limited and broken (P. 3). She maintains that all languages have their own values and mingled language is the essence of her writing. By helping her readers to relate themselves with her hardships and also her success as a writer, she inspires them to challenge the negative assumption on them. Tan repeatedly claims that her mother tongue is not an inferior language, but it has its own value like standard English. She maintains that regarding variation of English as an inferior one should be rejected and revised. She also encourages her aimed readers to challenge the stereotype on them. She delivers her message by telling us detailed and lively portrayed anecdotes. Tan successfully makes her readers emotionally attached to her personal stories and makes them to find values in the variation of English. How to cite Mother Tongue, Papers

Importance of Communication in Zara †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Communication in Zara. Answer: Introduction Zara, the most reputed fashion brand in the world and they are well known for their designing and manufacturing. Their marketing, business strategies, and quality emphasizes are quite brilliant as they generate the highest profit margin from their target market. They have a recognized customer belt that estimated the average revenue in every year and that provide the successfully sustainable condition of the organization. Their enterprising, ERP, plans and objectives are focusing on the brand value that they set to achieve for themselves. In this report, the effective impact of communication and communications are being discussed as the marketing expansion firmly depends on this aspect. Communication is a process in which people have made their interaction with one another. It is soulful and effective that may have an argument with another person and except a fruitful answer that quite relinquishes the need of the questionnaire. Communication is a process that what people have done in their daily life and that prevail the connection. On the other hand, Communications is the device, a system that transmitting the information. This is not a human nor can a living being it only acts as a medium through which the information can be traveled and people get aware of that situation (Gonzlez 2017). Television, Radio, Internet access, phone, Tablet, Fiber optics, Newspaper all these are the different tools of communications. In case of Zara, communications process is quite important and relevant as they promotional purposes is quite important for the enhancement of business. They have to promote themselves as in this globalized business scenario and human interaction is not quite possible or effective thus technological assistance is needed (Dozier, Grunig and Grunig 2013). Effectiveness of Priestleys Paradox In Priestley's Paradox the main theory of communications the underpinning statement is quite clear and impactful. The more use of technology mitigates the quality of verbal and nonverbal interaction. This is the changes that form the technical assistance and decrease the effective communications. The theory of Priestley Paradox has highlighted on the significant effect on interpersonal communication (Kapasi and Galloway 2016). The state considered that humans are tech savvy and they forgot to interact with each other. The interaction is the right way to attach and that trend is being changed by the use of imposed technology. In verbal communication people use the language and in non-verbal conversation, they use some signs, pictures, graphs, shadows, visual or audible form but this is also has gone as the expressions, eye contact these are not express through the device. In case of Zara, the quality communication is important whether it is verbal-nonverbal or technological. The skill of internal communication and technical assistance provided by the device all are the useful aspects to expanding the business (Costa-Snchez 2017). The proper feedback may come in verbal communication but through the technological medium now feedback is very easy to gather, however, there is a chance of mismatching the portfolio of the quality but still, this small risk can be taken to enlarge the market area of the organization. Strengths and Weakness of channels of communications There are many devices or channels of communications. The first one is Telephone and it is the easiest communications device that people have for mitigating their distance. The strength and weakness of this device are placed accordingly. Basically business related important deals are primarily surfaced at the telephone thus a gesture of rough interpretation regarding the business is placed on the verbal communication in a telephone (Shwom and Snyder 2015). The facials expressions and gestures are not visible through telephone so the motive or the intention area note quite determined by the nonverbal expressions through the telephone. So it helps to place the dealing in sometimes. The concern weakness of that device is the emotion or urgency of the work or the deal that used to go on (Peleckien and Polajeva 2016). On that interpretation the listener is not quite aware of the situation through the telephone. The device is the less personal than face to face device thus; in that case, the tension of stress or even the work pressure is not visible through this. So the communication cannot determine the trust or truth from both the cases. Another one vital communication channel is Email, which is generally a store or collection of important documents or files. In that case, the item pressure or flexible responses are gettable from the ways of inclusion of files (Huang et al. 2016). The strengths and weaknesses are followed thereafter. It is a time-saving process that can be sent anywhere in the world and define the actual state of the situation. It is a verbal or written form or documents form thus expressions are not quite visible in that case. If the written part contains any missing section of writing that may interpret some wrong meaning or can change the whole scenario of the deal. Thus good care needs in this perspective and as the letters are not speaking to the tone of the writing is not quite clear to the reader. This is a complete drawback of that channel (Grunig 2013). The business deals are not so easy to understand thus wide and small range of groups and their email conversations are limited. The solution they want is the correct way of personal log off thus any misunderstanding can be done by those wrong interpretations of those emails. This is another drawback of that system. Communications model and perspective The communication model of Shannon and Weaver reflects the channels and messages but there is no feedback option which is needed to understand the effective perceptiveness of the communication. Thus the intervention of Wilber Schramm and the human communication process understand the expectancy and the relevance of the message that put the meaningful attribution to communication (Fleisher and Bensoussan 2015). The communication relationship influence and the frame of reference in case of partial communicator and its effects on a relationship are highly impacted by the situation. In the perspective of communication influence and to maintain the clarification in communication engage the seven C's of communication help. These are Content, Context, Clarity, Credibility, Channels, Continuity and Capability all these aspects are important to understand the meaning of those communication processes (Hampf and Mller-Pohl 2013). In case of Zara, all these relevant communication processes are important for the expansion of a business. Leveling the public is another segregation of communicating process determination. The aware and active public need more concern rather than latent or nonpublic. Company's value, belief, trust, and attitude can be imposed by the tactical communication interference and the methods of communications. Dynamic interaction with people and recommendation Dynamic interaction is a process when people are enwrapped and indulge into the conversation and has made a good output as productiveness. In that case, both the humans talk and listen in face to face or over the telephone. This is a kind of healthy conversation that impacted over the growth of the company. Dynamic interactions are always energetic, it is mainly surfaced on the face to face conversation where the energy may affect the other one and mitigate the complex situation with ease. The dynamic conversation may bring the side conversation in a group and connect each and every person personally (Bargiela-Chiappini and Nickerson 2014). Communication pattern is more important than individual success. There are some situations that Zara needs a proper channel of dynamic communication and that used to be more effective and illustrative as far the concerning participation of communications. I think communication and communications in business are the vital terms to evaluate the business effectiveness and to demonstrate the promotional aspect for the future. There are some communication steps like advertising, sponsorship, dealing, business tie-up, public relations efforts and active strategy discussion that help the communication scenario in an internal and external scenario of the organization (Austin and Pinkleton 2015). Zara has the platform that encourages the communication possibilities to do better and making relation efforts to promote the potential development of the organization. Assistance from Information technology is helpful for the organization about their improvements and requirements. Employees are the legal part of it and they can also determine some of the highlighted things which management may overlook. In case of Zara, they have a legacy system and that centralized by a communication network from Chicago. It possesses data integrity, low maintenance and has very simple architecture. The technology provides a huge impact over the stagnant system and has made a faster processing system and increase in economic profits (Boulesnane and Bouzidi 2013). Some of the imposed section that has started by the management may be very rigid or may have the less opportunity to enhance the economic growth of the organization. In that case, the engagement of the employees and their inputs may enrich the process in a suitable way. For the future development of the company the increase in the production and mitigating the risk situation is the key aspect, thus the valuable informatics that delivered by the employees may enhance the style of organization behavior and mitigate the future risk in this globalized business arena. The imposed intranet autonomous system may emerge some valuable thinking or positive aspects that may retain the big customers for the organization (Pantano and Gandini 2017). Organization officials need to impose this system as not only the nonsense of offensive material came in regular basis through this portal but also some suggestions and good socio-economic aspects are being highlighted in that section. So for the development of the company, this innovative process of chat room section or the intranet section where employees can express their feelings is important and relevant for the organization. Customer complaints or employees complaints need to penetrate in a deeper way so that th ese problems are not coming rather effectively or being mitigated by the effective use of those imposed implementations Waters 2013). Therefore, it can be stated that multifunctional decision making and quality analysis with the proximity and control over the supply chain and management is being technologically benefitted by the implementation of those systems. On the other hand, Zara has DBMS system, ERP systems and RFID barcode system that also make an effective part of boosting the technological aspect in Zara (Ross 2015). Personal digital assistants and feedback system from the employees and customers have made a blend of technological strategy which played an elegant stroke by pushing their business to a new level of market orientation. Conclusion Therefore it can be concluded that communication is the modernize parameter of business leadership thus expanding in a market is essential. Zara has certain objectives and expanding markets so before the finalizing of products the culture of communication and the proper feedback from the user is essential and relevant to maintain the fashionable change in the market and create the combination with the desired results. The fashion market estimate and the introduction change in further recommendation can make the market value and emphasis on the strategy making a step and create the strength weakness and perception of communications. References Austin, E.W. and Pinkleton, B.E., 2015. Strategic public relations management: Planning and managing effective communication campaigns (Vol. 10). Routledge. Bargiela-Chiappini, F. and Nickerson, C.R., 2014. Writing business: Genres, media and discourses. Routledge. Boulesnane, S. and Bouzidi, L., 2013. A case study analysis in the context of information technology: Toward a collective intelligence approach. International Journal of Technology Management Sustainable Development, 12(2), pp.185-201. Costa-Snchez, C., 2017. Online Video Marketing Strategies. Typology by Business Sector. Communication Society, 30(1). Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E., 2013. Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Fleisher, C.S. and Bensoussan, B.E., 2015. Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Gonzlez, M.M., 2017. Communication in social media. A new source of power: Based on the posts and comments about sustainability on Zara and HMs Facebook accounts. Grunig, J.E. ed., 2013. Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Hampf, M. and Mller-Pohl, S. eds., 2013. Global communication electric: business, news and politics in the world of telegraphy. Campus Verlag. Huang, D.W., Chen, J.L., Deng, P. and L, L., 2016, December. Big Data Mining and Intercultural Business Discourse Studies: A Case Study of Li Ning's Corporate Social Responsibility Reports. In Industrial Informatics-Computing Technology, Intelligent Technology, Industrial Information Integration (ICIICII), 2016 International Conference on (pp. 119-122). IEEE. Kapasi, I. and Galloway, L., 2016. Motivations and mitigating business limitations in Scottish rural home-based businesses. Local Economy, 31(3), pp.377-392. Pantano, E. and Gandini, A., 2017. Exploring the forms of sociality mediated by innovative technologies in retail settings. Computers in Human Behavior. Peleckien, V. and Polajeva, T., 2016. Towards sustainable entrepreneurship: role of nonverbal communication in business negotiations. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 4(2), pp.228-239. Ross, D.F., 2015. Distribution Planning and control: managing in the era of supply chain management. Springer. Shwom, B.G. and Snyder, L.G., 2015. Business communication: Polishing your professional presence. Pearson. Waters, S., 2013. The impact of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology on retail supply chain performance.

Book Review Band of Brothers Essay Example

Book Review: Band of Brothers Essay Stephen E. Ambrose was born in 1936.He grew up in Whitewater, Wisconsin.Ambrose has two brothers named Harry and Bill.Harry is two years older and Bill is two years younger.Ambroses father was a navy doctor in the Pacific.His mother worked in a Pea Cannery.Ambrose has a wife named Moira Buckley Ambrose.They both have five kids.Ambrose went to the University of Wisconsin.He started as a premed but then switched to American History.Through the years of 1960 1995 he was a full-time professor at the University of New Orleans, Rutgers, Kansas State, Naval War College, and U.C. Berkeley.Ambrose wrote a book on the biography of Eisenhower because Eisenhower asked him to become his biographer.After all his wonderful work as a professor and writer, Ambrose retired on May of 1995.I do think Ambrose was qualified to write this book.He was around when the war occurred and he majored in American History. The book is about the horrifying history of Easy Company.Easy Company contained 147 members .The book takes us along Easy Companys trip from their difficult training to Utah Beach on D-Day. In the beginning, the book takes us through the formation of Easy Company in the summer of 1942.The men were kind of young; some started off from the age of eighteen.They trained in Georgia and learned the rigors of jumping from airplanes.Theirfirst training was basically physical training.Their second training was weapon training.They learned how to use the weapons.They also learned how to take the weapons apart and put them back together.The men went through torture mainly because of Captain Sobel.He made their training seem long and tough.Sobel left and then came in Winters.Winters was considered as the Hero.All that training had its purpose.It made the men more powerful and more willing to stay and be a

The Arab-Israeli Conflict essays

The Arab-Israeli Conflict essays The conflict between Palestine and Israel goes back thousands of years and has led to a number of drastic consequences, affecting peoples and current events all over the world to this very day. One reason for this is geography; Israel is situated in the centre of the Middle East. Also, the Middle East also possesses much of the planets oil, an economic necessity in todays society. Faith has also contributed to the international interest of this very public conflict for approximately half the worlds population adheres to religions born in the Middle East. The Middle East shares a deep and intense history, which has often led to controversy and heated tensions among dissimilar groups. The conflict between Israeli and Arab is both symbolic and substantial, and has drawn repeated military and diplomatic interventions. These, in turn have distorted and aggravated the situation and have resulted in a variety of consequences for the governments and persons of many countries all around th e world. Issues at stake include sovereignty, resources, labor, trade and security, and quite importantly questions of justice, human rights and political freedom. The Arabs are a people united by a common language, history and culture. Although most are Muslims, notably in Egypt and Lebanon, are Christian. Arabs make up the bulk of the population in the Middle East. Especially between the two world wars, the Arab world became infuriated by the efforts to create a new Jewish state in Palestine. Although conflict between the Arabs and Jews began much earlier, the modern Arab-Israeli military conflict started on the day of Israels foundation, 14 May 1948. Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people. Like the Arabs, the Jews were without their own nation. It has been estimated that 3 million Jews fled Eastern Europe in the thirty years before 1914 in order to escape persecution. At the same time, a mili...

Economic Impacts on Event Management Literature review

Economic Impacts on Event Management - Literature review Example Damster & et. al. (2006: 11) observed, â€Å"Events can be described as transient, and every event is a unique blending of its duration, setting, management and people†. Events can be of various types on the basis of the invested amount as well as on the basis of its purpose. However, the management process in organising any event is almost similar taking into account a broad process of analysing, planning, directing, organising and controlling. It is in this context that market analysis and the economic trends are currently being considered as vital aspects to be considered while planning for event management (Getz, 2008; O'Toole, 2000). Although, the concern has been noticed very recently in the context of event management, the significance of economic impacts has gained considerable attention in the field of research. From a similar perspective, this paper will also intend to critical review a few literatures which are focused on the economic impacts observed during event m anagement. 2.0. The Dimensions of Event Management Events have always been an inseparable part of the social culture of different countries. But in the current era, the impact of events on the social setting and the rapidly growing influence of event management profession as a profitable career option have increased to a large extent. Along with the growing attention towards the concept of event management as a newly developed extension to managerial paradigm, the conception has also developed to be more complex and multi-dimensional. As noted by Damster & et. al. (2006), in the current scenario, events can be classified into various categories on the basis of purpose and also based on its size. Stating precisely, Gertz (2008) noted the classification of events on the basis of their purpose as cultural events, political events, corporate events, private events, recreational as well as sports events can be documented as a few of the classified categories of events. Where cultural eve nts can be recognised as the festivals and carnivals as well as commemorations, the political events include summits, VIP visits and royal occasions. Similarly, meetings and trade shows are included in the corporate events classification, while private events can be illustrated in terms of weddings, birthday parties and such other occasions. Further elaborating on the concept of event management, Damster & et. al. (2006) classified events into three broad categories, i.e. special events, hallmark events, and mega events. As embarked in the study of Jago (1997), researchers have provided intense significance to the aspect of special events. These events are mostly termed as the programmes organised exclusively on days which are excluded in the mentioned holiday lists for special reasons. Even though, a wide range of researches have been developed focusing on the concept of special events, there is a substantial lacuna witnessed in literatures which can provide with a comprehensive an d just definition to the concept (Jago, 1997). A major feature of the special events can be attributed as its intention to attract large crowds and media attentions being unique and fundamentally emphasised on retaining tourists. Thus,

Elements of Design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elements of Design - Research Paper Example Sylbert had a tremendous impact on the film and, along with the art director W. Stewart Campbell, would be nominated for an Academy Award (Eaton). In terms of specific contributions, Sylbert oversaw the costuming which placed strong emphasis on 1930s accuracy. In addition, it was Sylbert’s responsibility to design and structure the facades that would be built as the vintage backdrop (Eaton). In these regards, he constructed bleach-washed facades that were reminiscent of drought-era 1930s Los Angeles. Art Director The film’s production designer was W. Stewart Campbell. W. Stewart Campbell worked directly with Richard Sylbert in envisioning and constructing general mise-en-scene elements. In this specific film Campbell contributed more to the specific mise-en-scene within the context of individual scenes, whereas Sylbert functioned as constructing the overarching production model (Eaton). Ultimately, both individuals would be nominated for Best Art Director. Use of light in the scene Lighting is a highly important element in the scene. Indeed, the neo-noir conventions of the film are such that lighting is one of the most distinguishing features of its aesthetic. In this specific scene this noir lighting is highly evident. In these regards, the scene occurs at night and many of the on-looker’s faces are ensconced in darkness. Even when the film focuses in on Noah Cross he is wearing a hat and his faced remains dark ("It's chinatown," 2011). The obvious implications of this dark lighting are that they indicate an overarching cynical perspective on existence and a morally ambiguous environment. This is also reflected throughout the entire film, as even the supposedly good characters engage in some morally dubious behavior. Setting The setting of the particular scene occurs in an external setting on the street in Los Angeles’ Chinatown. The specific time period is the 1930s. This is significant to the film as it is a formative period in Lo s Angeles development as they were experiencing tremendous water shortages, which would be a motivating element of action in the film. In addition, the specific culture of Chinatown, as evidenced in the scene’s final line ‘It’s Chinatown’ demonstrates a culture of crime. Costuming As noted earlier, rather than implementing a fanciful characterization of 1930s costuming, the production design greatly focused on constructing accurate period clothing. In this specific scene the characters are contained in suits with hats. The similarity of the good character – J.J. Gittes – with the costume of the bad – Noah Cross – demonstrates that one of the film’s underlining themes is moral ambiguity. Still, Noah Cross wears a billed hat that shrouds his eyes in darkness, designating him as an evil force ("It's chinatown," 2011). Furthermore, Katherine is wearing a white dress, greatly contrasting her from the others, and heightening he r sense of innocence and purity ("It's chinatown," 2011). Hairstyle and Makeup In terms of hairstyle, all the characters are wearing hats so this is not a factor in the scene. Makeup, however, plays an important role in the film as J.J. Gittes (Jack Nicholson) is featured with a cut nose ("It's chinatown," 2011). While the cut is from earlier in the film, it is prominently witnessed in this scene

The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne

The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne The scarlet letter A has a close interrelation to the novels thematic structure which is centered on the three scaffold scenes in chapter 2, chapter 12, and chapter 23. At the first scaffold scene, the author introduces the theme of sin, judgement and the religion. Dimmesdales moral conflict is shown on the second scaffold scene which symbolizes the center of conscience. At the last scaffold scene, Dimmesdale can escape from his guilt and reconciles with Hester. When when Dimmesdale dies, Chillingworth doesnt need for his revenge. And Pearl can have a life that is filled with love and happiness. Thus, the scarlet letter A affects the lives of the main characters, and it makes them be related with the symbol A: Hester Prynnes free will and adulterous relationship with Arthur Dimmesdale provoke the anger of Roger Chillingworth, Dimmesdales passion leads him to his ruin, and Chillingworths search for the seducer of his wife implies the evil of the nature of man. Hypocritical effort to conceal their secret sins have Arthur Dimmesdale, Hester Prynne, and Roger Chillingworth collapse. This kind of hypocrisy and the harsh and inhumane system make Hawthorn be disappointed with the Puritan society. Hawthorn criticizes this inhumane hypocrisy with the technique of tragic irony in the novel. For example, the irony of Dimmesdales situation is that he becomes imperfect by trying be perfect. The more his followers regard him as a saint, the more he should dismiss himself as the vilest of all sinners. Thus, the story is full of tragic irony, and the authors purposes are well represented by it. Paraphrase At the outset, Hester with black eyes and dark hair stands on the scaffold, holding her baby of three months old. With the scarlet letter A on her bosom, she stands for three hours on the scaffold. Though she is stigmatized by the scarlet letter on her breast, she has to withstand the public glances. Meanwhile, The Reverend Mr. Wilson delivers his speech about sin and emphasizes the symbolism of the letter A. He persuades Hester to uncover the father of her child, but she does not speak at all. She suddenly sees s Chillingworth, her husband, standing in the crowd. He makes a gesture with his fingers in order not to disclose his identity. Back in her prison, she is in a state of nervous frenzy. That evening, Chillingworth visits her in prison. She has an interview with him when he enters the dark prison as a physician who takes care of the distraught state of her after the public ordeal. She confesses to her husband that she does not feel any love for him. She admits that she has greatly wronged him with the letter of her shame, but she does not want to tell him who the childs father is. Asking her to promise never to reveal his true identity as her husband, Chillingworth decides to discover the father of Pearl. Three years after her releases from imprisonment, Hester does not leave Boston instead of moving into a small seaside shanty on the outskirts of Boston. She makes her living by doing stitchwork for local dignitaries, and spends her time helping the poor and the sick. She slowly gains respect from the people of Boston. Her skill at needlework, her acts of kindness, and her self-reliance make her scarlet letter stand for something other than adultery. Meanwhile, the Puritan authorities force Hester to give up her child, because an immoral woman like her is unfit to bring up a child. The governor Bellingham persuades Hester to raise Pearl in a Christian way and tries to take her away from Hester, but she does not give her up. As the years pass, Pearl grows up and becomes Hesters happiness and torture. Roger Chillingworth gets a good reputation as a physician, and becomes the medical adviser of Dimmesdale, giving him medical consultations. Because their intimate friendship develops, Dimmesdale even speaks of his personal matters to Chillingworth, and it makes them live in the same house together. Chillingworth finds that Dimmesdale is deeply concerned with Hester. Chillingworth eventually recognizes that Dimmesdale is the father of Pearl, and he decides to revenge. In order to get a confession from Dimmsdale, Chillingworth cautiously drives him to feel sinful. Dimmesdale stands on the scaffold one night. While he is standing there, Hester and Pearl come. Dimmesdale calls them to the scaffold, and they mount. The three of them stand hand-in-hand there. At the same instant, Chillingworth is again present. He cruelly watches them standing on the scaffold. Meanwhile, Dimmesdale tells Hester that he is afraid of Chillingworth. Hester realizes that Dimmsdale is slowly being killed by Chillingworth, so she decides to help him. Four years have gone by. Hesters position in the community has risen because of her charity. Her scarlet letter A now stands for Able. Meanwhile, Dimmesdales suffering makes his sermon become more humane. One day Hester sees Chillingworth picking herbs in the seashore, and she asks him to stop torturing Dimmesdale, and she tells him that she will disclose the fact that he is her husband to Dimmesdale. While Hester and Pearl are taking a walk in the forest, they meet Dimmesdale. He looks despaired as if he doesnt have any desire to live. He confesses his misery and unhappiness. Hester realizes that she still loves Dimmesdale, so she reveals the identity of Chillingworth as her husband. She asks him to forgive her deception. When Dimmesdale hears from Hester that Chillingworth is her husband, he is furious at first, but finally forgives her. They agree to leave this Puritan community and go to Europe together with Pearl. Dimmesdale believes that Europe offers more civilization and refi nement, so going to Europe is the better choice. Returning from the forest, Dimmesdale decides to expose himself for the peace of his own soul by confessing his sin in front of the whole congregation. He writes the Election Sermon with tremendous inspiration. The sermon is successful. Meanwhile, on the day when Hester finds a ship that will carry all three of them to Europe, Chillingworth asks the ships captain to take him on board. After Dimmsdale finishes his sermon, he beckons to Hester and Pearl to come. They go to the scaffold and stand there together in his penitence. Chillingworth tries to stop them, Dimmesdale uncovers the secret of his sin to the crowd. After telling the people that he is a sinner like Hester. He dies on the scaffold. After Dimmesdales death, Hester goes to Europe with her daughter. Pearl happily marries there, but Hester returns to Boston alone. She never removes her scarlet letter. When she dies, she is buried next to Dimmesdale. Her tombstone shares a scarlet letter A. with Dimmsdales. Connotation 1. Simile .I happened to place it on my breastIt seemed to me then, that I experienced a sensation not altogether physical, yet almost so, as of a burning heat; and as if the letter were not of red cloth, but red-hot iron. I shuddered, and involuntarily let it fall upon the floor. (P 30) The letter A is compared to burning heat or red hot iron: It shows the connections between spiritual perception of sin and the physical manifestation.(Simile) 2. Simile It might be, too, that a witch, like old Mistress Hibbins, the bitter tempered widow of the magistrate, was to die upon the gallows.(P 63) a witch, like old Mistress Hibbins: A witch is compared to old Mistress Hibbins.(Simile) 3. Onomatopoeia, Metaphor Ah, but, interposed, more softly, a young wife, holding a child by the hand, let her cover the mark as she will, the pang of it will be always in her heart.(P 66) pang.(Onomatopoeia) Pang in her heart is compared to sin as pain.(Metaphor) 4. Assonance, Alliteration On the breast of her gown, in fine red cloth, surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold-thread, appeared the letter A. It was so artistically done, and with so much fertility and gorgeous luxuriance of fancy, that it had all the effect of a last and fitting decoration to the apparel which she wore; and which was of a splendor in accordance with the taste of the age, but greatly beyond what was allowed by the sumptuary regulations of the colony. (P 68) elaborate embroidery.(Assonance) fantastic flourishes.(Alliteration) 5. Imagery Never! Replied Hester Prynne, looking, not at Mr. Wilson, but into the deep and troubled eyes of the younger clergyman Dimmesdale. It is too deeply branded. Ye cannot take it off. And would that I might endure his agony, as well as mine! (P 91) deeply branded: Her sin is burned into her like branded cattle.(Imagery) 6. Simile Thy acts are like mercy, said Hester, bewildered and appalled. But thy words interpret thee as a terror! (P 101) Thy acts are like mercy: Chillingworths act is compared to the mercy on Hester.(Simile) thy words interpret thee as a terror: Chillingworths words are compared to a terror.(Simile) 7. Alliteration, Assonance, Imagery But there is a fatality, a feeling so irresistible and inevitable that it has the force of doom, which almost invariably compels human beings to linger around and haunt, ghostlike, the spot where some great and marked event has given the color to their lifetime; and still the more irresistibly, the darker the tinge that saddens it. (P 105) a fatality, a feeling.(Alliteration) irresistible and inevitable.(Assonance) Linger, haunt, ghostlike is image of Hesters mind.(Imagery) 8. Alliteration, Imagery But it is not recorded that, in a single instance, her skill was called in aid to embroider the white veil which was to cover the pure blushes of a bride. (P 110) blushes of a bride.(Alliteration) White veil is the images of purity and absence of sin.(Imagery) 9. Alliteration, Simile She stood apart from moral interests, yet close beside them, like a ghost that revisits the familiar fireside and can no longer make itself seen or felt, no more smile with the household joy, nor mourn with the kindred sorrow; or, should it succeed in manifesting its forbidden sympathy, awakening only terror and horrible repugnance. (P 112) familiar fireside (Alliteration) like a ghost: Hester is compared to a ghost.(Simile) 10. Symbol, Imagery Throughout all, however, there was a trait of passion, a certain depth of hue.The child could not be made amenable to rules.The mothers impassioned state had been the medium through which were transmitted to the unborn infant the rays of its moral life; and, however white and clear originally, they had taken the deep stains of crimson and gold, the fiery lustre, the black shadow, and the untempered light of the intervening substance. Above all, the warfare of Hesters spirit, at that epoch, was perpetuated in Pearl. (P 121) Pearl is a symbol of Hesters sin (symbol) White and clear, crimson and gold, the fiery lustre, and the black shadow are the dual image about morality.(Imagery) 11. Symbol, Imagery I am my mothers child, answered the scarlet vision, and my name is Pearl! (P 154) Pearl is a symbol of her mother sin. In a way, Hester traded in everything she had; her marriage, her standing in a community.(Symbol) Christian image, Pearl of great price from Matthew 13:45-46.(Imagery) 12. Metaphor After putting her finger in her mouth, with many ungracious refusals to answer good Mr. Wilsons questions, the child finally announced that she had not been made at all, but had been plucked by her mother off the bush of wild roses that grew by the prison-door.(p 157) Pearl is being a wild roses.(Metaphor) 13. Simile, Imagery Roger Chillingworth the man of skill, the kind and friendly physician- strove to go deep into his patients bosom, delving among his principles, prying into his recollections, and probing everything with a cautious touch, like a treasure-seeker in a dark cavern. Few secrets can escape an investigator, who has opportunity and license to undertake such a quest, and skill to follow it up. A man burdened with a secret should especially avoid the intimacy of his physician. (P 177) Treasure is compared to the seeker in a dark cavern (Simile) Being able to go through someones brain and see their thoughts (Imagery) 14. Imagery When, an uninstructed multitude attempts to see with its eyes, it is exceedingly apt to be deceived. When, however, it forms its judgment, as it usually does, on the intuitions of its great and warm heart, the conclusions thus attained are often so profound and so unerring, as to possess the character of truths supernaturally revealed. (P 182) Image of group or crowd, as if these people were a single person.(Imagery) 15. Allusion Come away, mother! Come away, or yonder old Black Man will catch you! He hath got hold of the minister already. Come away, mother, or he will catch you! But he cannot catch little Pearl! (P 193) Black man is an allusion to Satan, and occasionally a reference to Chillingworth.(Allusion) 16. Implication Then I need ask no further, said the clergyman, somewhat hastily rising from his chair. You deal not, I take it, in medicine for the soul! (P 196) Medicine for the soul is implication of spiritual healing. It is the one thing Dimmesdale needs. It is as if he recognize on some level that Chillingworth cannot help him.(Implication) 17. Metaphor, Implication But, if it be the souls disease, then do I commit myself to the one Physician of the soul!But who are thou, that meddlest in this matter? that dares thrust himself between the sufferer and his God? (P 197) Physician of soul is compared to God (Metaphor) Souls disease implies that the soul can be sick in much the same way the body can be sick.(Implication) 18. Metaphor, Allusion But with what a wild look of wonder, job, and horror! With what a ghastly rapture.making itself even riotously manifest by the extravagant gesture with which he threw up his arms towards the ceiling, and stamped his foot upon the floor! Had a man seen old Roger Chillingworth, at that moment of his ecstasy, he would have had no need to ask how Satan comports himself when a precious human soul is lost to heaven, and won into his kingdom. (P 199) Chiilingworths ecstasy is compared to Satans ecstasy.(Metaphor) His kingdom is Hell: Chillingworths joy over the suffering of another person is compared to Satans happiness when a sinner sins and gets another step closer to hell.(Allusion) 19. Metaphor, Oxymoron a quiet depth of malice, hitherto latent, but active nowwhich led him to imagine a more intimate revenge than any mortal had ever wreaked upon an enemy. (P 201) Malice is metaphor for evil growing like a disease (Metaphor) Intimate revenge (Oxymoron) 20. Duality To the untrue man, the whole universe is false,- it is impalpable,- it shrinks to nothing within his grasp.The only truth that continued to give Mr. Dimmesdale a real existence on this earth was the anguish in his inmost soul (P 212) Existence or non-existence, true or false: Truth is equated to existence, and falseness is equated to non-existence. (Duality) 21. Irony Satan dropped it there, I take it, intending a scurrilous jest against your reverence. But, indeed, he was blind and foolish, as he ever and always is. A pure hand needs no glove to cover it! (P 232) Dimmesdales hand is not pure. He does need a glove to cover it in accordance with the Sextons comment. (Irony) 22. Metaphor The scarlet letter had the effect of the cross on a nuns bosom. It imparted to the wearer a kind of sacredness which enabled her to walk securely amid all peril. (P 241) The scarlet letter is a protective talisman much like an nuns cross. (Metaphor) 23. Paradox It is remarkable that persons who speculate the most boldly often conform with the most perfect quietude to the external regulations of society. (P 245) Those who behave the best secretly imagine what the sin will be like. (Paradox) 24. Imagery It lies not in the pleasure of the magistrates to take off this badge.Were I worthy to be quit of it, it would fall away of its own nature, or be transformed into something that should speak a different purport. (P 253) Fall away of its own nature is subtle image of nature.(Imagery) 25. Metaphor What choice had you? asked Roger Chillingworth. My finger, pointed at this man, would have hurled him from his pulpit into a dungeon, thence, peradventure, to the gallows!(P 256) My finger is compared to Chillingworths accusation.(Metaphor) 26. Imagery, Oxymoron, Alliteration, Metaphor Let men tremble to win the hand of woman, unless they win along with it the utmost passion of her heart! Else it may be their miserable fortune, as it was Roger Chillingworths, when some mightier touch than their own may have awakened all her sensibilities, to be reproached even for the calm content, the marble image of happiness, which they will have imposed upon her as the warm reality. (P 265) Tremble is image of fear.(Imagery) Miserable fortune.(Oxymoron) Calm content (Alliteration) Marble image of happiness is metaphor for marriage without passion. (Metaphor) 27. Symbol, Alliteration Truly do I! Answered Pearl, looking brightly into her mothers face. It is for the same reason that the minister keeps his hand over his heart! (P 269) Dimmesdales hand over his heart is symbol of his sin.(Symbol) Hand over his heart.(Alliteration) 28. Metaphor But mother, tell me now! Is there such a Black Man? And didst thou ever meet him? And is this his mark?.Once in my life I met the Black Man! said her mother. This scarlet letter is his mark! (P 279) Scarlet letter is metaphor for sin and the mark of Satan.(Metaphor) 29. Contrast Thou shalt forgive me! cried Hester, flinging herself on the fallen leaves beside him. Let God punish! Thou shalt forgive!(P 294) Contrasting who doing action: human forgives, God punishes.(Contraction) 30. Metaphor à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦That old mans revenge has been blacker than my sin. He has violated, in cold blood, the sanctity of a human heart. Thou and I, Hester, never did so!(P 294) Blacker: Degree of black is connected to the gravity of sin. Blacker means worse. Colour as degree of sin.(Metaphor) 31. Metaphor, Imagery, Onomatopoeia There played around her mouth, and beamed out of her eyes, a radiant and tender smile, that seemed gushing from the very heart of womanhood. A crimson flush was glowing on her cheek, that had been long so pale. (P 307) gushing.(Onomatopoeia) Beam, radiant, and glowing is image of light.(Imagery) Smile is compared to blood.(Metaphor) 32. Implication, Dual meanings At least, they shall say of me, thought this exemplary man, that I leave no public duty unperformed, nor ill performed! (PP 325-326) Private duties are left unperformed.(Implication) Dimmesdale is a good man, and Dimmesdale as a bad man.(Dual meanings) 33. Alliteration, Imagery Ha, tempter! Methinks thou art too late! answered the minister, encountering his eye, fearfully, but firmly. Thy power is not what it was! With Gods help, I shall escape thee now! (P 384) fearfully, but firmly.(Alliteration) Tempter is a image of Satan.(Imagery) 34. Metaphor Thou hast escaped me! he repeated more than once. May God forgive thee! said the minister. Thou, too, hast deeply sinned! (P 389) Chillingworth is compared to Satan.(Metaphor) 35. Alliteration, Onomatopoeia Hush, Hester, hush!The law was broke! the sin here so awfully revealed! let these alone be in thy thoughts! I fear! I fear! It may be that, when we forgot our God, when we violated our reverence each for the others soul, it was thenceforth vain to hope that we could meet hereafter, in an everlasting and pure reunion. (P 390) Hush, Hester, hush.(Alliteration) Hush.(Onomatopoeia) 36. Imagery that the awful symbol was the effect of the ever-active tooth of remorse, gnawing from the inmost heart outwardly, and at last manifesting Heavens dreadful judgment by the visible presence of the letter. (P 393) Tooth of remorse is painful Image. Remorse as an emotion that eats away at a person.(Imagery) 37. Oxymoron Without disputing a truth so momentous, we must be allowed to consider this version of Mr. Dimmesdales story as only an instance of that stubborn fidelity with which a mans friends-and especially a clergymans-will sometimes uphold his character, when proofs, clear as the midday sunshine on the scarlet letter, establish him a false and sin-stained creature of the dust. (P 394) stubborn fidelity: Fidelity means truth and faithfulness, but the stubborn means not changing ones judgment in light of evidence.(Oxymoron) 38. Imagery, Alliteration Hester comforted and counseled them as best she might. She assured them, too, of her firm belief, that, at some brighter period, when the world should have grown ripe for it, in Heavens own time, a new truth would be revealed, in order to establish the whole relation between man and woman on a surer ground of mutual happiness.(P 400) comforted and counsel.(Alliteration) Passage of time is the image of Heavens own time, brighter period, grown ripe.(Imagery) 39. Insinuation, Assonance, Alliteration, Imagery The angel and apostle of the coming revelation must be a woman, indeed, but lofty, pure, and beautiful; and wise, moreover, not through dusky grief, but the ethereal medium of joy; and showing how sacred love should make us happy, by the truest test of a life successful to such an end! (PP 400-401) angel and apostle (assonance) truest test (alliteration) Insinuating that women are usually pure by nature: The angel and apostle of the coming revelation must be a woman, indeed, but lofty, pure Dusky grief is the image of sinner 40. Metaphor a new grave was delved, near an old and sunken one, in that burial-ground beside which Kings Chapel has since been built. It was near that old and sunken grave, yet with a space between, as if the dust of the two sleepers had no right to mingle. Yet one tombstone served for both.(P 401) Dust is compared to the ashes of two dead people; Dimmesdale and Hester.(Metaphor) Sleepers is compared to dead people.(Metaphor) Attitude Nathaniel Hawthorne is a remarkable ironist who makes good use of the dramatic irony. He regards human beings as originally imperfect creatures. The dehumanization in a Puritan society in The Scarlet Letter is criticized with the method of tragic irony which is closely related to a dualistic view of life. Most of the characters are Puritans. They are innocent and try to build an ideal society in their own way. Such a perfect Puritan community hold its own secrets and sin within each member. This creates irony or hypocrisy and has each person feel guilty. In the novel, Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chilligworth are isolated from a normal society and they suffer from the various aspects of sin. Hypocritical action to conceal their secret sins make them collapse. Although Hester feels humility and embarrassment because of her sin, she is the only one who is spiritually free. When Dimmesdale finally uncovers his sin to the people around the scaffold, they refuse to believe that he is sinner li ke Hester. The fact that is the vulnerable minister and a secret sinner results in an endless maze of irony. Dimmesdales dual identity is shown in Hester with the shameful scarlet letter on her breast and in Chillingworth with his secret revenge for Dimmsdale. The irony of Dimmesdales situation is that he becomes imperfect by pretending to be perfect. Dimmesdale tries to appear to be a perfect man, for he thinks there is absolute good and evil in the world. By using tragic irony, Hawthorne builds up the plot which gives us constant interest in his novel. Thus, The Scarlet Letter is chiefly composed of tragic irony, and the authors purposes are well represented by it. Shift In chapter 16, Dimmesdale appears to be in despair, as if he has no purpose or desire to live whereas in chapter 18, he takes courage and decides to leave the Puritan society with Hester and his daughter, Pearl. He is reborn with great energy, He thinks everything positively. But in chapter 23, he suddenly gives up everything. He cannot act against his conscience. In this chapter, Chillingworth loses his purpose of revenge completely when Dimmesdale dies. He no longer has Dimmesdale to confess his sin. Hester also lose her love. She doesnt need feel the loneliness she has already has when Dimmesdale dies. Pearl can have a life which is full of love and happiness. In chapter 13, Hesters position in the community gradually changes because of her charity and kindness. She helps the poor and the sick. She slowly gains good reputation from the people of Boston. Her skill at needlework and the charity for the needy make her scarlet letter symbolize something other than shameful adultery. Hesters scarlet A now stands not for shame but for Able. It is no longer a token of her shameful adultery. The readers can see the shift of Dimmesdales conscience by comparing the three scaffold scenes in chapter 2, chapter 12, and chapter 23. In the first scene, he does not want to reveal his secret sin In the second scaffold scene, he confesses his sin in private at night, so it does not seem to be a public confession. In the final scaffold scene, he confesses his sin in public. At this time, his conscience finally clears. Themes This section will discuss the following four themes: sin, conscience, Puritanism, and forgiveness. Sin By choosing a Puritan society and adultery as the setting for this novel, Hawthorne is free to explore the psychological impact of sin on everyone involved. In Puritan society adultery is both a crime and a sin. As a woman whose husband is absent, Hesters pregnancy is evidence of her immoral relationship with a man, not her husband. Puritans usually impose the death penalty on adulterers, however, since Hesters husband might be dead they refrain from administering it in this case. They cannot let her sin go unpunished, so they sentence her to three years in prison, and she must wear the A on her chest for adulteress for the rest of her life. In addition, she is cast out of the community. To the Puritans, sin is like infectious disease. Hester is quarantined in the hope that her sin will not pollute the community. Puritanism is a strict version of Christianity. In other sects after Christians confess their sins and perform penance, their sins are forgiven and they receive reconciliation with God and their community. Hester for her part acknowledges her wrongdoing and endures her punishment with grace. Upon her release from prison, she mak es a living for herself and her daughter by sewing and embroidery. Her industriousness and thrift allow her to carry out many works of charity for the poor. Although her life is not a very happy one, her sin and subsequent penance create an opportunity for her spiritual development and personal growth. Dimmesdale carries the weight of sin in private. He does not make spiritual progress instead he becomes a hypocrite. Puritans expect their ministers to have high moral standards. He feels guilty that he is not living up to them. He tries to perform penance in private, but his efforts do not offer him any spiritual relief. His spiritual agony starts to affect his physical health negatively, to the point where his congregation begins to worry about him. Chillingworth has a readers sympathy in the beginning because he is a man who has been wronged by his wife. Marrying a much younger woman does not qualify as a sin. But as time passes he gives himself over to sin by seeking revenge on the man who slept with his wife. The sin of revenge physically transforms him in the following ways: accelerated aging, deformation of facial features, and the stoop in his back. He can be said to personify the phrase ugly as sin. Conscience For Hawthorne, individual conscience plays a valuable role. When a person relies on his intuition and sympathy for others, he/she is able to make good moral decisions. The Puritans, in contrast, have little use for individual conscience. In order to do what is right, a Puritan only has to follow the religious rules of community. As such individual conscience is subordinate to the religious commandments of the Bible, Hester uses her own intuition to make moral decisions, a characteristic which sets her apart from her fellow Puritans. Dimmesdales conscience torments him. The readers can see the developments of his conscience by comparing the three scaffold scenes in chapter 2, chapter 12, and chapter 23. In the first scene, he exhorts Hester to name the father, but it is clear from his double speak that he does not want his sin to be revealed. In the second scaffold scene, he is moved to confess his sin out loud, but he is alone at night, so it does not count as a public confession. In the final scaffold scene, after his election day sermon, he confesses he is Hesters partner in sin in front of the whole congregation. His conscience finally clears, but he has lived with the guilt for so long that he has no strength to live after his confession. Chillingworth starts out with a conscience as evidenced by his conversation with Hester in which he admits marrying her against her wishes is a mistake that leaves her vulnerable sin of adultery. When he suspects that the other party to adultery is still in town, he loses his conscience in direct proportion to his effort to exact revenge on Dimmesdale. With revenge as his whole motive for living, he cannot survive after Dimmesdales confession, which renders revenge useless. Puritanism Puritanism has an strong effect on The Scarlet Letter. In the novel, Hawthorne wants to describe how Puritanism in the 17th century apparently ignores the sanity of human minds in every aspect of punishment and salvation. He gives us the essence of the Puritan thoughts of Boston, including the Puritans view on mans sinful situation, and the intolerant Puritan attitude towards sinner. The Puritan leaders at that time condemn every person who fails morally and force them to face a public penitence. The Puritan laws is far from Gods divine love which embraces all sinners having imperfect nature and human weakness. Hawthorne is disappointed with the intolera